Haier’s Strategy for Global Success Essay Essays

Haier’s Strategy for Global Success Essay Essays Haier’s Strategy for Global Success Essay Haier’s Strategy for Global Success Essay In 1920s China. a little plant opened in Qingdao. Shandong state. to manufacture iceboxs. In spite of the fact that the Qingdao factory made due for in excess of sixty mature ages. by the mid 1980s. hapless course and substantial obligation about constrained it to go into chapter 11. At a similar clasp. the hole of the Chinese financial framework to the universal market saw an inflow of outside organizations looking for contributing possibilities. One such organization was Liebherr Haushaltergate ( Liebherr ) . a prima German contraption shaper. Liebherr saw a blossoming market for contraptions. furthermore, proposed an association with the Qingdao factory. in which Liebherr’s designing and manufacture know-how might be offered to the factory. In 1984. Qingdao Refrigerator Co. Ltd. was resulting from this association. Notwithstanding. building altogether was non bounty to convey the organization. : That equivalent twelvemonth. President Zhang Ruimin. so the aide executive of Qingdao city’s family contraption division. shown up. passing on with him heading procedures received from Japan and the West. with a point of convergence on developing a solid exchange name established on quality stocks. Mr. Ruimin’s methods were effective. furthermore, by 1991 the organization had transformed a significant overall gain and expanded into other family contraptions, for example, profound freezes. microwaves and climate control systems. Recognizing that the company’s name was not, at this point equivalent with its stocks and had a hapless notoriety from its foremost history. Mr. Ruimin chose to take another name. The organization embraced a contraction of the phonic spelling of Liebherr †composed as Lieberhaier †to go the Haier Group Corporation ( Haier ) . This name modification denoted the introduction of another exchange name and the restoration of the company’s picture. Exploiting its new heading and exchange name. Haier changed itself into the second biggest spot contraption organization known to man. furthermore, the figure one such organization in China. By 2010. Haier planned. fabricated and promoted more than 15. 000 stocks in 96 classs sold in more than 100 states all through the universe. Marking The start of Haier’s exchange name conspire is the material of corporate tale. In 1985. one of the company’s customers brought back a refrigerator ( still an uncommon extravagance point in China at the clasp ) on the grounds that it accomplished non work. Mr. Ruimin and the customer experienced all the company’s accessible supply of iceboxs until they in the long run got an on the line of work hypothetical record. Of the 400 or so completed iceboxs in the plant at the clasp. 76 were found to non be in working request. Accordingly. he assembled his representatives and requested that the entirety of the lemon iceboxs be arranged on the factory floor. He so offered hammers to the laborers and requested them to nail the iceboxs. Mr. Ruimin is accounted for to hold told the laborers: ‘Destroy them! In the event that we pass these 76 iceboxs available to be purchased. we will be go oning a blunder that has everything except bankrupted our organization. † This occasion carried the significance of value stocks to everybody in the organization. also, Mr. Ruimin worried to them that quality stocks connected to a solid exchange name were fundamental to the company’s continuance. With this new committedness to quality. the introducing of new gear and the transportation of creating know-how from Liebherr. net incomes rose 83 % in two mature ages. With the company’s notoriety expanding. the name modification to Haier made another exchange name interchangeable with decision bleeding edge designing that would quicken customer confirmation and snatch any negative suppositions related with the company’s previous name. Growing new stocks upheld by sound things rights ( IPRs ), for example, licenses guaranteed that the brand’s achievement would go on and it would keep a competitory outskirt. The organization and its customers other than invested wholeheartedly in the capacity of the Haier exchange name to effectively strive with increasingly established universal adversaries. Haier realized that its exchange name was its most significant asset. with exchange name picture at the core of its anxiety uniqueness and plan. along these lines its initial defamation plot was to build a solid. taking national exchange name. All through the 1990s. the organization understood its vision. what's more, made various acquisitions to broaden its product portfolio and the organization exchange name quickly become ubiquitous all through China. With its place in China beneficial and secure. Haier set out on a planetary defamation conspire. This plan intends to put the organization as a neighborhood exchange name diverse universe advertises in simultaneousness with upgraded stock battle and solid corporate tasks. The organization centers around putting the structure. manufacture and gross incomes techniques. so it can genuinely go a â€Å"local† exchange name. The organization is close to achieving its end in of import markets, for example, the United States and Europe. in which it has neighborhood creation establishments. Its stocks are accessible in 12 of the main 15 connection shops in Europe and in 10 of the taking link shops in the United States. Innovative work Since the company’s rebuilding in the mid 1980s. presenting new quality stocks has been of cardinal significance to its finish of developing an all around perceived exchange name. Haier and its subordinate organizations perpetually center around presenting new stocks through innovative work ( R A ; D ) . One such building the company’s R A ; D endeavors created is its â€Å"Safe Care† designing. which it applies to contraptions, for example, H2O warmers. Safe Care delegate wiring and electrical constituents of the contraption and gives an admonition should any power get away from represent a danger to the purchaser. This building was presented at the 66th International Electrotechnical Commission Conference in 2002. furthermore, stocks furnished with Safe Care went at a bargain in 2006. This is simply one delineation of Haier’s progressed capablenesss through its R A ; D endeavors. The R A ; D segment is other than answerable for building up the entirety of the processing machine bundle that runs its stocks, for example, Safe Care. furthermore, this is an essential part of the company’s R A ; D plot. Licenses. Copyrights and Hallmarks Haier’s innovation and development has driven it to be the owner of more than 6. 000 licenses and more than 500 bundle right of first distributions around the world. To keep its competitory outskirt. the organization guarantees that it makes sure about assurance for the entirety of its discerning assets ( IP ) . Haier is an eating up client of the Patent Cooperation Treaty ( PCT ) framework. what's more, has made more than 20 PCT applications. Since the organization tries to build a planetary exchange name. trademarks are other than a vital feature of its IP plot. All things considered. Haier has enrolled a trademark for its organization name under the universal Madrid framework. It has other than made trademark enlistments for its name in the United States with the United States Patent and Trademark Office ( USPTO ) and in Europe with the Trademark and Designs Registration Office of the European Union ( OHIM ) . Commercialization Haier structures. green goodss and markets its stocks through its planetary web and concern model. Starting at 2010. Haier had 15 modern composites. 30 abroad creation factories and bases. eight plan communities and more than 58. 000 gross incomes specialists around the world. In the residential market. Haier centers around four taking product classs: iceboxs. refrigerating cupboards. climate control systems and washing machines. Haier other than has a significant shopper hardware division. For universal markets. Haier has embraced an alone plan to puncture hard markets, for example, the United States and Europe. At the point when it premier entered the market in the United States. it distinguished two possibly moneymaking yet creating specialty markets †that of minimal estimated iceboxs for home lobby suites. inns. what's more, the comparative ; and electric vino storm cellars. Haier’s imports of these contraptions. combined with a solid structure and improvement crew. helped the organization rapidly build up its exchange name. furthermore, by 2000 it was a significant member in both product markets. The accomplishment of Haier in such specialty markets has permitted its exchange name to go great known. which urged the organization to point the better quality full size refrigerator advertise in the United States. To make so. the organization assembled its first manufacture works in the United States in Camden. South Carolina in 1999. In accordance with the company’s end of doing its exchange name â€Å"local† in global markets. this undertaking was a full achievement. Haier has since embraced comparative ventures in different markets, for example, the European Union and the Middle East. Business Consequences Haier’s point of convergence on building a solid exchange name has brought it from the edge of chapter 11 to one of the best contraption organizations known to man. By 2010 the organization had more than 50. 000 overall workers. It delighted in a one-year developing pace of 68 % somewhere in the range of 1984 and 2005. with net in 2005 numbering 103. 4 billion Chinese Renminbi ( RMB ) . The organization appreciates a 40 % advertise parcel for family contraptions in China and has effectively entered hard markets, for example, the United States. also, it is presently the world’s figure two refrigerator creator. only second to Whirlpool. Regardless of the financial leeway in 2008. Haier overall gains expanded around 20 % that twelvemonth and delighted in net total compensations of RMB 768 million. In 2004. Haier procured a telling enthusiasm for Haier-CCT Holdings. a joint endeavor which was recorded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that equivalent twelvemonth. Haier’s worldwide achievement and great know

Abuse of Drugs International Concern

Question: Examine about the Abuse of Drugsfor International Concern. Answer: The theme on the utilization of the unlawful and recreational substances in both Australia and universally that may cause significant medical problems has been picked. Illegal and recreational medications are the key worldwide concern. This can influence the wellbeing and the general public notwithstanding the economy of different countries. Authentic components From authentic observation, in the general public, individuals were settled in to the utilization of illegal medications. This occurs since long time before organization had the option to control the utilization. Unsafe impacts of the unlawful medications were seen since long time (Germov, 2014). From the hour of colonization of Europe, dispossession history and financially rejection guided the financial hardship,. This is associated with the illegal and recreational substances. From the theory of 1973, I got ready to shape my perspectives. Right off the bat, I have to discover the explanation of utilizing the illegal medications by individuals and the consequences for them. I have to consider the three determinants, for example, clients disposition during use, kind of medication and effect of social and physical settings. Another portrays is the ceremonies and assent improvement manages the illegal medication utilization (Weinberg, 2012). To control the medication misuse, reorganiza tion of the social settings assume significant job. Social components For this reason, I needed to work with the native individuals in Australia. I found that the custom and services greatly affects the maltreatment of medications. From recorded sources, it is seen the native individuals are disregarded and denied of instruction and work just as pay. These elements affected them to accomplish unsocial conduct and abuse of medications. Straussner (2012) referenced that abuse of illegal medications impact the poor family culture. Illegal medications influence the individual and expert life that is horrible showing level and individual connections. Subsequently, they may experience the ill effects of mental and physical issues that may expand uneasiness. This can make them discouraged. Auxiliary variables One of the key components is the social factors that impact the abuse of medications. It is seen that for the most part the individuals of lower financial class and teenagers abuses the unlawful and recreational medications. Be that as it may, medications can decrease the pressure incidentally. In such case, training assumes significant job to diminish the abuse of medications. Abuse of medications can hamper the way of life, mindfulness, work openings and salary of individuals (Glass, 2016). During working, I found that native individuals are at high hazard as their instruction level is low. Social setting has incredible effect on them accordingly; they are driven away from schools at youthful age. To diminish the medication misuse, the restoration places can assume huge job. The national authoritative structure helped me to shape the information on controlling medication misuse. Basic variables As a social insurance proficient, it is my obligation to advance the data about the negative impacts of medication abuse. It is my obligation to impact those individuals, who are now dependent on tranquilize abuse and attempt to take them back in ordinary way of life. I have to manufacture a solid relationship with them. Volkow, Baler and Goldstein (2011) referenced that the social insurance experts need to follow the administration legislatives and to decrease the abuse of medications. In this manner, I attempted to apply a key technique to diminish holes of human services framework and prosperity of society including the retrogressive individuals. It is important to make the criminal equity framework solid all around. Verifiable elements From the criminalization and guideline, it is seen that more often than not the blameless occupants get influenced by the medication abuse. Criminal equity structure traps the individuals for the minor offense. Some of illicit medication providers that sort out a wrongdoing circle compromise general wellbeing security. Therefore, in some cases the general individuals became survivor of medication manhandle and get discipline. Preoccupation and advantageous statute can remember some medication activities for the criminal equity structure of Australia (Darcq et al., 2016). A harmony between the different methodologies is expected to keep up. The two methodologies are the valuable law approach, remedial focuses and medication court. These elements can differ according to the criminal equity continuum along the area. Now and again, criminal equity structure incorporates the medication recovery as a section to give individuals opportunities to alter themselves. Be that as it may, the smas hed individuals needs change too with respect to their surge driving numerous individuals lost their lives. They have to go to the Alcoholic Anonymous gathering. This is an extraordinary open door for the people who abuse drugs. The restore legitimate answer gives open doors for tending to elective route in utilizing drugs abuse ownership. As indicated by the Marchman Act, individuals can get court request to go to the restoration places by means of the enactment of state (Preller et al., 2014). In such cases, I have to make reference to that the enactments and remedial equity can offer different chances to individuals to redress themselves to lead a superior way of life. In this way, they have to adjust their practices and stay away from slander. Social components Everywhere throughout the world, different social practices acknowledges the medication abuse. In these societies, the abuse of medications is acknowledged as the custom in the religion ceremonies. The way and spot of utilization get guideline by means of the poise, utilization level and friendliness. At times, the pace of liquor utilization is higher wine and different refreshments are considered as the wellspring of delight and stylish endorsement in certain societies. In a town of France, it is seen that individuals takes liquor on everyday schedule and they pass the training in their kids as well. The than other medication mishandles. During the work, I found that in the history, liquor like kids are presented to liquor from the age of 2 or 4. Be that as it may, it is important to alter the liquor utilization of individuals as it might bring different medical problems. A portion of the way of life are attempting to show their locale to alter their propensity for drinking. Livings ton et al. (2012) referenced that the Italian and Jews practice moderate drinking and don't permit the forceful drinking. Government can suggest distinctive enactment to decrease the mischief, which creates from the liquor utilization and abuse of medications (Society Made Me Do It (Symbolic Interactionism) at Becca Latimer's Blog. 2013). Now and again, infrequent drinking can be acknowledged yet ordinary liquor utilization isn't permitted. Constructive culture alludes to the drinking control and proposes approaches to teach the youngsters with the goal that they can lead a sound way of life by being a moderate and social consumer. All inclusive the utilization of the liquor is well known and there are different cases that show that individuals are influenced particularly by the liquor and medication. The mind and sensory system are a lot of influenced by the medications and liquor (Quednow, 2017). Along these lines, the general public should be cognizant about the abuse of medicati ons and liquor and moderate their propensities. Basic elements During concentrating on the sociological viewpoints, the right basic factor is the emblematic cooperation. This spotlights on the maltreatment of medications to clarify the conduct by giving the spurring messages to the individuals, who abuses medications and liquor. It is important to know their perspectives and learning as a general rule. For instance, when a general public imprints somebody as a medication abuser, he kept on abusing the medications and got dependent on it. It is the obligation of emblematic association point of view to explore the explanation of the connection of individuals with medications and change in their conduct. Social and social gathering can address the abuse of medications as their religion part yet they don't comprehend that it hurts individuals. Utilization of medications is useful for wellbeing at a specific range. At the point when the range goes over the range it becomes unsafe individuals. The social variables impact the conduct of individuals and prompts the shame. Therefore, different side effects like tension melancholy are taken note. Government is attempting to reinforce the criminal equity structure to lessen the issues of medication and liquor abuse. If there should arise an occurrence of utilizing drugs for the clinical reason government changed the principles to lessen the medication misuse. The wellbeing and social framework is attempting to help the consideration homes for directing, conduct alteration, individual help, customer focused methodologies. I found that hurt minimization incorporates solid correspondence, positive relationship, sympathy, instruction, backing and backing to forestall the belittling in criminal equity rules and enactment. Basic components Enormous pharma assumes noteworthy job to raise the worry over the benefit over the human services in Australia. MacRae and Hoareau (2016) referenced that it is to make benefit by telling the solid individuals that they are debilitated. In such conditions, the pharmaceutical organizations assume fundamental job to characterize and support the maladies to advance the shoppers and prescribers. Pharmaceutical production collusion, specialists, human services laborers and administration clients utilize the media to outline the circumstance as the across the board and serious illnesses. Such kind of social insurance exercises can upgrade the expense of human services and increment the disgrace for the medicinal services administrations. The corporate assets can be supplanted by the choices that are financed about the malady with the autonomous data. The assistance of the wellbeing conviction model and its execution in the human services practice framework may lessen social dread and the d isgrace. In such cases, the wellbeing advancement rehearses assumes noteworthy job. The abuse of medications is a reason for significant medical problem and the network misgiving that can influence youthful age and thwart the profession chart and development. In Australia, the legislature and the communit

dominant Sided) From Ruptured Aneurysm - 12 Months

Hemiplegia (right/dominant Sided) From Ruptured Aneurysm - 12 Months Hemiplegia (right/dominant Sided) From Ruptured Aneurysm - 12 Months Post Injury: You Are A 35 Year â€" Case Study Example > OutlineTopic: Hemiplegia (right/dominant sided) from ruptured aneurysm â€" 12 months post injury. SECTION A: Case StudySECTION B: Disability AwarenessSECTION C: Daily living with the conditionSECTION D: ChallengesSECTION A: Case Study: In this case study, a thirty five year old female living in Roma, Western Queensland with her husband and two school age children is a victim of Hemiplegia, a right dominant side disorder that is as result of a ruptured aneurysm after an injury 12 month ago. Her home is low set with four steps and has two levels inside. The bedroom and the bathroom are on the upper level. SECTION B: Disability AwarenessHemiplegia is a condition that is characterized by total paralysis of the arm, leg and trunk on the same side of the body (Miller, Vandome, McBrewster, 2010). This condition may be congenital or in some cases result from an illness or stroke. Adult cases of this disorder have been known to be as a result of strokes while the cause in majority of case s in children has not yet been identified. Statistics indicate that hemiplegic conditions occur at a rate of one case in every a thousand births. Researchers argue that many of the cases that occur within a range of birth to two years should be considered to be cerebral palsy. One major cause of cerebral palsy is stroke which is a sudden impairment of the brain in the brain function. It is characterized by the inability to speak or speak clearly (Collins, 2007). In addition to that, walking and movement of limbs is also affected due to lack of blood flow to the area of the cerebellum part of the brain that control movement and co-ordination. Strokes are known to leave behind neurological impairments that are long lasting. Through the study of stroke and its neurological effects, scientists have sought to understand the real cause of Hemiplegia. In the case above, there are many factors that are to be explored. First all, Hemiplegic is a disorder that impairs movement as evident in the kind of uncoordinated movement by those with this condition. Living with a hemiplegic person in a two leveled house comes with its challenges since movement is not that easy. This family has to make sure that there is another extra person to take care of the hemiplegic person. The family has to also cope with the stress that comes with having a person with hemiplegic disorder in their family. This includes the discrimination and prejudice that come from in the surrounding areas. Medical care and tools to be used by the hemiplegic individual are also expensive which impacts on the economic status of the family. Causes of HemiplegiaAs earlier pointed, Hemiplegic conditions are as a result of cerebrovascular accidents known as stroke. Various movement disorders are attributed to the severity of lesions in the area that they affect. Chances of hemiplegic conditions are high especially when the stroke directly affects the corticospinal tract. In addition to stroke, other causes of stroke include injury on the spinal cord, traumatic brain injury and other brain diseases. One of those cerebral disorders is cerebral aneurysm which refers to the widening and ballooning of the cerebral artery or vain due to its weakness and leads to the rupturing of the blood carrying vessel (Fenichel, 2009). Aneurysm may be as a result of congenital defects, high blood pressure or head trauma as a result of accident. This condition occurs more in adults than in children and more prevalent in women than in men. Hemiplegic conditions are sometimes attributed to the rupture aneurysm when the head is severely wounded.

‘the Crucible’ and ‘the Island’ - Belonging Essays

To belong is to be, or have the feeling of being accepted or included by a certain group, person, place or community. While initially an individual may belong to a community or group, speaking their opinion can seclude them, and cause them to become an outsider. Belonging to a community or group can be very beneficial, and not belonging can cause an individual to face consequences. Hysteria and fear can be caused throughout a community by outsiders who don’t belong. We are able to view these experiences of belonging and not belonging through the use of characters and events throughout a variety of texts. Arthur Miller’s play â€Å"The Crucible† and Armin Geder’s picture book â€Å"The Island† display how an individual can belong and not belong at†¦show more content†¦As the community continued to fear the outsider, while few still agreed with The Fisherman, the majority turn against him and his ways, â€Å"Some people agreed with the fishe rman, but the other people were louder.† This symbolises that majority or the larger group overrides all other opinions, and shows the consequences of not belonging. They eventually end up setting fire to The Fisherman’s boat which shows that the fisherman is now also an outsider and no longer belongs within the community. However this differentiates with ‘The Crucible’, as Hale chose to turn his back on the community whereas The Fisherman was forced out of the community. Belonging to a community or group can be beneficial for an individual. In ‘The Crucible’, when Abigail is at trial and Mary Warren is accusing her of witchcraft and lying, Abigail uses the power of being the leader of the group of girls to deny the accusations and turn the conviction on to Mary Warren. Abigail does this by having the girls pretend that Mary Warren is bewitching them causing them all into a hypnotic state. This shows the power of being in a group with the stage direction ‘Mary Warren becoming overwhelmed by Abigails’ – and the girls’ conviction – start to whimper’. The group of girls’ combined accusations on Mary Warren convince Judge Danforth that that they’re telling the truth and are now seen as the innocent victims as he states with furious intense line deliveryShow MoreRelatedArmin Greder841 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents. My name is Armin Greder the illustrator of ‘The Island’ One of the ideas that I have always been fascinated in, is the interaction between individuals and society and how this influence’s our sense of belonging. My picture book ‘the island’ works metaphorically to show how social repression, fear and madness can create a context where those who are different are demonized, isolated and persecuted. In Arthur Miller’s famous play ‘the crucible’ the condemnation of others in Salem is based on revengeRead MoreBelonging the Crucible, Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm3249 Words   |  13 PagesWithout comprehension one cannot fully belong, but with comprehension, belonging will thrive. If you do not understand someone or their beliefs or someone does not understand you or your beliefs it is not likely you will feel like you completely belong with them. In Arthur Millers The Crucible intolerance, hysteria and suspicion, greed (for wealth, land, power)and corruption of power turns a town against each ot her and highlights the different groups in the town and how they are linked or exiledRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesHSC Subject Guide Belonging 2009 HSC: Area of Study – English - related material English HSC 2009 - 2012 is Belonging. What does belonging mean? From the Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus: belong, verb, 1) to be rightly put into a particular position or class; 2) fit or be acceptable in a particular place or environment; 3) belong to be a member of; 4) belong to be the property or possession of. Belonging, noun, affiliation, acceptance, association, attachment, integration, closeness, rapport,Read MoreBiology Ecology Project22611 Words   |  91 Pagesheterogeneous conglomerate of ecosystems, their composition (patches of forests, plains, etc.) and the interaction between these ecosystems. A geographic ecologist (who studies regions of interaction) might take a look at the geologic history of an island or lake and try to explain the distribution of organisms in that area due to the large scale geologic activity or other environmental variables. R.H. MacArthur (an associate of E.O. Wilson) thought that geographic ecology could be described as theRead MoreWhiteness as a Field of Study2712 Words   |  11 Pagesspecifically the in the Jewish community whiteness came linked to male privilege. Matthew Frye Jacobson‘s Whiteness of a Different Color explores the importance of racial classification to the American identity, and the delimitation of white racial belonging. The author shows what it means to be and not to be white throughout American history. The dominant classes used the law to assimilate whiteness with American citizenship, as Jacobson shows with the European immigration from the late eighteenth centuryRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesBabylon. â€Å"Beating Down Babylon†: Ideological Delegitimation Rastafari is ï ¬ rst and foremost a response to the Babylonian conditions of the Jamaican society and, by extension, of the whole Western world. The Rastafarian phenomenon was forged in the crucible of oppression that started in plantation slavery and that has persisted in post-emancipation and postcolonial Jamaica. The manner in which some experienced and perceived the realities of the colonial society called forth the response and shapedRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesusually was judged and measured by the depth and capability and hard-asset credentials of the company’s management. That, of course, remains critically important. However, American companies whose performance most readily slipped in the economic crucible at the beginning of the twenty-first century (and whose recovery was among the slowest) seemed to rate highest in hard-asset terms compared with the many companies with a higher mix of soft-asset management strength, whose results were far betterRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCarolina University John Guarino, Averett University Rebecca Guidice, University of Nevada at Las Vegas Andra Gumbus, Sacred Heart University Linda Hackleman, Concor dia University Austin Deniz Hackner, Tidewater Community College Michael Hadani, Long Island University Jonathon Halbesleben, University of Missouri-Columbia Dan Hallock, University of North Alabama Tracey Rockett Hanft, University of Texas at Dallas Edward Hampton, University of Central Florida Vernard Harrington, Radford University Nell

The Battle of the Alamo 1836 - Texas Revolution

Synopsis Of The Ss - 1114 Words

Name: Tsion Tedla ELA Section: B SS Section: A SPP Monologue Script: Immaculee Ilibagiza Setting: Immaculee is staying at the French camp weeks after her hiding in the bathroom. Everyone was staying outside of a crumbling schoolhouse. They were surrounded by the ten of the soldiers vehicles. Immaculee is telling God about what she went through. Props: Nothing Costume: knee length skirt, a shirt and a jacket Entrance/Initial Action: Walk on the stage with head turned back and say I will be right there, Aloise! Walk to the middle of the room with candle in hand, kneel down and â€Å"light† it, then get ready to pray†¦.. Walk on the stage with head turned back and say I will be right there, Aloise! Walk to the middle of the room with candle in hand, kneel down and â€Å"light† it, then get ready to pray â€Å"You’re the only family I can talk to now, God. I am relying on you.†sigh Many things have been lost to me. I need you to guide me the right way. pause As a child I was innocent, my parents shielded me from the reality of the world. As I grew and that shield got smaller, I started seeing Rwanda for how it was. I saw Tutsi women mistreated by Hutu men. talk a bit faster with sadness and anger They took all of the woman’s belongings including her clothes. Rwandans walked by averting their eyes from the fallen women in fear of getting in trouble themselves. Pause and speak a bit quieter I was forced to do the same. I can still remember the exact day it started sigh. It wasShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Subjectivity Score And Objectivity Score ( Os )946 Words   |  4 Pagesnamely, Subjectivity Score (SS) and Objectivity Score (OS) corresponding to Kleinberg’s71 hub and authority scores respectively for the WWW graph. Kleinberg not only takes into account the number of links to and from a node, but also considers the relevance of linked nodes. 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Objectives of Experiment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 3. Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 4. Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3 5.1 Preparation of Onion Root

Work Stress and Cigarette Smoking Behaviours

Question: Describe about the Work Stress and Cigarette Smoking Behaviours. Answer: Introduction Background and Problem of the Research Smoking is one of the primary threats to the health of human beings. Apart from the younger adults, the individuals involved in the health related professions are highly exploited to the addiction of nicotine due to the smoking initiation. From the context of UK, it has been observed that 90% of the health professionals are engaged in smoking due to the continuous working pressure from their respective workplace settings (Smith et al. 2013). Based on the various reports, it is ascertained that individuals already smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime are not likely to quit. Although, the rate of smoking is minimised in the younger adolescents, different evidence suggest that the smoking behaviour among the older adolescents associated with the health profession is continuously rising (Nelson et al. 2012). Therefore, it is crucial to understand the nature of the tobacco experience by the nurses. The certain understanding is further complicated by the empirical studies with the utili sation of various assumptions. These assumptions are highly focused on the perceptions or the experiences gained by the nurses during their professional commitments. Therefore, this study should need to be based on developing the correlation between the smoking behaviours of the individuals and the significant factor driving such activity. Aim and Objectives of the Study The key aim of the research is determining the significant correlation between the work pressure and smoking behaviours among the nurses working in the health institutions in UK (Hasselhorn, Tackenberg, and Peter 2013). With the help of achieving the predefined aim, it is expected to gather useful understanding regarding the significant factors forcing these health professionals towards smoking habit. Furthermore, some important research objectives have been formed in line with the identified aim. Evaluating the relationship between the depression at work and smoking behaviour among the nurses Determining the correlation between the smoking resistance self efficacy and smoking behaviours Conducting assessment of the relationship between the smoking resistance self efficacy and depression Hypothesis of the Study The null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis of the overall research are outlined below. The study is performed with the intention of developing the useful findings regarding the identified context of the research for supporting the statement as part of the alternative hypothesis (Saksvikà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lehouillier et al. 2013). H0: There is no significant correlation between the stress levels and smoking behaviours among the nursing professionals H1: There is the presence of a significant correlation between the stress levels and smoking behaviours among the nursing professionals Method Introduction The section is developed based on the valuable information collected from the research participants. The section will highlight the approaches made and the techniques adopted for ensuring the effective collection of research data and supporting the analysis. In case of this particular study, selection of proper sample for deciding the appropriate research participants is highly important (Maslach and Jackson 2013). The particular decision for choosing the participants for the investigation should need to represent the identified context of the study. Apart from that, selecting the proper design and intended procedures also provide useful impact to the overall outcomes of the investigation (Jarczok et al. 2013). Additionally, the approaches and practices performed as part of the research method are all determined by complying these with the ethical guidelines and principles. Design of the Study The entire viability of the research is based on accessibility of the participants from the different health related institutions of the London area. It is evident that not all the nurses from the hospitals or nursing homes are unwilling to participate in the study due to their sensitivity issues. On the other hand, the extracting the feedbacks from the nurses is highly significant for the achieving the aim of the study (Schernhammer et al. 2013). Because of that, the cross-sectional study is selected as the particular design of the research. The fundamental reason of selecting such research design is the particular support obtained for conducting the study based on the survey questionnaire. The identified approach will ensure the anonymous responses from the research participants. Procedures of the Study The procedures of the study will be discussed to ensure the suitable collection of research data. The data collection process is mainly divided in two categories, such as primary and secondary data collection procedure. Primary data plays the significant role in answering the basic questions of the research and achieving the goal with developing a sound conclusion of the overall study (Tavolacci et al. 2013). It is decided that the Primary data will be collected by undertaking the survey questionnaire method. The questionnaire comprises of a set of questions towards the participants of the study, as they are formed in a structured manner to extract their close-ended responses (Kim et al. 2013). Secondarily, the secondary data will be collected by the works of previous scholars and academicians for shaping up the primary understanding reflected by the collection of primary data. Ethical Considerations Ethical implications are highly followed during the research. It is mentioned earlier that some nurses from the health facilities might find the topic of the research as highly sensitive. As a result, they might be reluctant to participate in the research. Hence, the data collection approaches and other practices of the research are performed by providing due emphasis to protect the personal identifies of the participants (Chao et al. 2015). During the execution of the proposed research methods, the respondents are assured to provide due protection for their privacy to ensure the proper and unhesitant participation to the investigation process. Participants of the Study The participants of the research are ten nurses from the healthcare facilities of London. For selecting the nurses, non-randomized sampling techniques was used, as the particular size of the population is high and complicated regarding the process of selection (Neville and Cole 2013). Results and Discussions Result The significant results of the study are generated by the effective involvement of the questionnaire survey dedicated to collect the responses from the research participants. Firstly, based on the scale of five, the stress levels of the nurses are measured by their feedbacks, where five represents the higher involvement of stress during their working commitment. Based on the stress level, the smoking behaviours of these nurses are measured to develop the understanding regarding the correlation between the perceived level of stress and smoking habits. From the table formed below, the suitable responses obtained from the respondents are highlighted effectively. Participant No. Average Cigarette Consumption in a Week Stress Level in an Average Week 1 20 5 2 2 2 3 40 5 4 2 1 5 10 4 6 20 4 7 5 2 8 1 1 9 25 5 10 9 3 (Table 1: Smoking Habit of the Nurses in relation to their Perceived Level of Stress; Source: Created by the Author) Discussion From the identified table, it is clearly acknowledged that nurses tend to smoke more cigarettes during their professional period when the perceived level of stress is high. It is reflected from the data collection that their average cigarette consumption in a week increases as their stress level during the week is becoming high. It can be stated that the escalating working pressure as part of the profession is leading the nurses of the country to become addicted to smoking habits. Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion From the overall findings, it can be reflected that there is a significant correlation between the work stress and cigarette smoking behaviours among the health professionals including the nurses of healthcare system. Increasing work stress creates rising depression among the female professionals to drive them engraining continuously in the smoking behaviours. From the application of the study, it is notified that the social factors are widely responsible for adolescent professionals to involve in the cigarette smoking within different communities. Strengths and Limitations The key strength of the intended study is developing the useful knowledge forcing the professional nurses of the healthcare settings to generate a smoking habit. The utilisation of the self-structured questionnaire for gauging the average stress during the workplace is also another primary importance of the study. Alternatively, there are some significant limitations of the study. One of which can be identified in the use of self-reporting questionnaire as the survey instrument for the data collection. The particular type of questionnaire cannot be verified by the other sources. Apart from that, neither any screening procedures nor chart reviews are performed during the development of research findings. It would help the entire finding of the study to be more rational and valid. Recommendations The entire study is conducted to highlight the smoking behaviours and stress experienced by the nursing professionals, where the result of the investigation may vary for the other healthcare professionals of the country. Therefore, it is recommended for the future research works to provide a broader emphasis to the context (Chao et al. 2015). Apart from that, the future studies must need to capture the various socio-demographic perspectives for devising the broad conclusion regarding the chosen subject. References Chao, A., Grilo, C.M., White, M.A. and Sinha, R., 2015. Food cravings mediate the relationship between chronic stress and body mass index.Journal of health psychology,20(6), pp.721-729. Hasselhorn, H.M., Tackenberg, P. and Peter, R., 2013. Effortreward imbalance among nurses in stable countries and in countries in transition.International journal of occupational and environmental health. Jarczok, M.N., Jarczok, M., Mauss, D., Koenig, J., Li, J., Herr, R.M. and Thayer, J.F., 2013. Autonomic nervous system activity and workplace stressorsa systematic review.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,37(8), pp.1810-1823. Kim, M.J., Son, K.H., Park, H.Y., Choi, D.J., Yoon, C.H., Lee, H.Y., Cho, E.Y. and Cho, M.C., 2013. Association between shift work and obesity among female nurses: Korean Nurses Survey.BMC Public Health,13(1), p.1. Maslach, C. and Jackson, S.E., 2013. A social psychological analysis.Social psychology of health and illness,227. Mouchacca, J., Abbott, G.R. and Ball, K., 2013. Associations between psychological stress, eating, physical activity, sedentary behaviours and body weight among women: a longitudinal study.BMC Public Health,13(1), p.1. Nelson, C.C., Li, Y., Sorensen, G. and Berkman, L.F., 2012. Assessing the relationship between workfamily conflict and smoking.American journal of public health,102(9), pp.1767-1772. Neville, K. and Cole, D.A., 2013. The relationships among health promotion behaviors, compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in nurses practicing in a community medical center.Journal of Nursing Administration,43(6), pp.348-354. Saksvikà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lehouillier, I., Bjorvatn, B., Hetland, H., Sandal, G.M., Moen, B.E., Magery, N., kerstedt, T. and Pallesen, S., 2013. Individual, situational and lifestyle factors related to shift work tolerance among nurses who are new to and experienced in night work.Journal of advanced nursing,69(5), pp.1136-1146. Schernhammer, E.S., Feskanich, D., Liang, G. and Han, J., 2013. Rotating night-shift work and lung cancer risk among female nurses in the United States.American journal of epidemiology,178(9), pp.1434-1441. Smith, P., Fritschi, L., Reid, A. and Mustard, C., 2013. The relationship between shift work and body mass index among Canadian nurses.Applied Nursing Research,26(1), pp.24-31. Tavolacci, M.P., Ladner, J., Grigioni, S., Richard, L., Villet, H. and Dechelotte, P., 2013. Prevalence and association of perceived stress, substance use and behavioral addictions: a cross-sectional study among university students in France, 20092011.BMC Public Health,13(1), p.1.

Theory of Knowledge Full Essay- Language and Vocabulary free essay sample

Thus, many believe that the vocabulary we have does more than communicate our knowledge and rather, it shapes what we can know. However, to what extent can this statement be said to be true? Is vocabulary really the only way to communicate our knowledge? What else can vocabulary do besides communicate knowledge? Do you need to be able to communicate your knowledge to show your knowledge? Is our knowledge only gained through language and vocabulary? Lastly, if vocabulary â€Å"shapes† what we can know, can we say that knowing more languages will gain us access to more knowledge? First of all, vocabulary refers to the body of words that are used in a particular language, such as the very words I am using to write this essay. Without vocabulary, there are no words and as a result, language is also non-existent. Imagine a life without words; we cannot describe or speak out the ideas in our mind, we cannot ask questions, or communicate with one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Knowledge Full Essay- Language and Vocabulary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In fact, even when we think in our mind, it involves the use of words. Does that mean that without words we would not have thoughts? Without vocabulary and language, we would not know most of the current knowledge that we do today. Think about the knowledge that we currently possess; many of us would agree that most of the knowledge that we currently have and understand is learnt through school, books and education but how could we have possibly grasped all the physics theories, math formulas and others that we’ve learnt without the use of vocabulary or words? How would the teachers teach in a world where language is non-existent? Books would just be a fictitious myth if language does not exist. How could we expand our knowledge capabilities through reading if books do not exist? Thus, in a way vocabulary shapes what we can know because without vocabulary, we cannot communicate with one another and thus, knowledge cannot be passed down or shared. As a result, the knowledge we know will be limited to only what we experience or discover by ourselves. However, we would not have the ability to have knowledge about other people’s experiences or way of life and culture. For example, the Aloe Vera plant originated from Northern India and is now regarded highly for its healing and rejuvenating properties. Its antiquity was first discovered in 1862 in an Egyptian papyrus dated 1550 BC. Thus, the healing power of Aloe Vera was first discovered by ancient Egyptians, who decided to note this down on a piece of papyrus. If language had not existed and the ancient Egyptians during that time had decided not to write down the healing properties of Aloe Vera, that sliver of knowledge would not be passed down and shared among us and we would not know what we know today. We would not be able to benefit from the natural therapeutic quality of Aloe Vera. Therefore, in this example, language and vocabulary has shown to be a powerful tool for communicating knowledge. In a way, vocabulary does shape what we can know but to what extent is this true? Can vocabulary be said to be the crux of knowledge? Is vocabulary really the only method to communicate and share knowledge? Although vocabulary can be said to make up a large part of our understanding and our knowledge, it is not the only way that we can learn and gain knowledge. Another way would be through our own life experiences. For example, when we touch a hot cup of coffee and scald our skin, we learn from our own experience to be careful of touching hot surfaces as it can harm us. In this manner, we have learnt or acquired new knowledge without the use of vocabulary or communication but rather through our own experience. Our nervous system has sent a signal to our brain. Vocabulary is also not the only way for us to communicate our knowledge. Another method would be through the use of body language, facial expressions or hand signals. For example, traffic officers mainly rely on hand signals to direct the traffic at a particular junction or intersection. Through the use of body language, the traffic officer is able to communicate their knowledge to the drivers bout whether they should stop or go. In this example, knowledge is being passed on without the use of language. Similarly, by looking at a person’s facial expression or body language, we can know how they are feeling (e. g. sad, happy, angry). Furthermore, thinking does not have to always involve words. We can think in other ways such as through images. It is important to understand that to be abl e to communicate our knowledge through the use of vocabulary and language, we first have to be able to put that certain piece of knowledge into words. At age 6, my mom used to test me on my vocabulary and would ask me the definition of words. Oftentimes, I would reply her saying â€Å"I know what the word means but I just can’t explain it! † My mom would then answer, â€Å"If you can’t explain it then that means you don’t really understand it! † I would protest and tell her that I do understand but that it was just difficult to put into words. Thus, this led me to ask myself a question; do we need to be able to explain something with words to understand the concept of it? 6 year old me would beg to differ. However, I believe that even if we can’t explain things in words, it doesn’t mean that we don’t understand it. Has your friend ever tried telling you a personal problem but he says that he can’t really put how he feels into words and you replied saying â€Å"I know exactly what you mean and how you feel†? Most of the time, this happens when we have gone through the same experience and thus, we can relate to them and recall how they feel. Art is another way to communicate knowledge without the use of vocabulary. For example, using graphics or art. As Napolean Bonaparte once said, â€Å"a picture tells a thousand words†. Similarly, an artwork can communicate knowledge to us. For example, the artist Chris Jordan, turns statistics into art. One of his pieces features a picture of 2 million plastic cups stacked up above each other, which is the number of cups we use every 5 minutes. It is much more impactful to visually see the numbers than to hear the numbers. A simple picture with no words was able to relay knowledge to us and raise our awareness. Thus, even though language does restrict the knowledge that we can know, there are still other ways to interpret knowledge. Another area of knowledge we can look at is mathematics. In mathematics, language is not used to communicate knowledge, but rather, the use of numbers. Numbers are a universal language that the world can understand. 2+2 will always equal to 4, regardless of your nationality or what language you speak. Therefore, we can say that in math, language and vocabulary is not very significant. According to the statement in the question, vocabulary is said to do more than just â€Å"communicate knowledge, it shapes what we can know†. If this is true, does that mean that knowing more languages will gain us more access to knowledge? As Federccopellini once said, â€Å"a different language is a different vision of life†. Federccopellini believed that language is a way of life and the more languages you know and understand, then, the more access to knowledge that you possess. To a certain extent, this statement can be said to be true. For example, there is a word in Bahasa Indonesia known as lidah buaya. The direct translation of lidah is tongue while buaya means crocodile in English. Together it means crocodile tongue. However, people who speak Bahasa Indonesia know that lidah buaya doesn’t literally mean crocodile tongue. In fact, it is actually the name given to the Aloe Vera plant in Bahasa Indonesia! Hence, to a certain extent, it can be said to be true that knowing more languages will allow us to possess more knowledge, as we would be exposed to different cultures, which would help us to understand their way of life. However, it is also important to note that the meaning of words otherwise known as semantics, have a propensity to change and evolve over time. For example, in the past, the definition of the word â€Å"gay† meant â€Å"carefree† and â€Å"cheerful†. However, in modern times, the word â€Å"gay† is used to describe someone that is homosexual. In this example, we can see how words can change its meaning over time. Thus, if the meanings of words vary over time, how true can it be said that language is a reliable method to communicate knowledge? Furthermore, oftentimes, words are made up to explain or describe a complex set of behaviours that in truth, nobody has really observed or seen. This is known as occult quantity. For example, in the sciences such as physics, the term â€Å"electronic field† is used to define a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects. However, we can never really prove whether electronic fields exist because we cannot actually see the field with our own eyes. The existence of electronic fields is only â€Å"proven† when physicians make assumptions based on the observations and results of an experiment. However, how do we know that the experiment results aren’t just an effect of some other unknown cause that we have yet to discover? Occult quantity leads to doubts about the knowledge surrounding a term or a word. Thus, this shows how words can be misleading or tell us false information that we will believe due to the â€Å"research† thought to have been carried out. Can these made-up terms or words be included in our vocabulary when they are not proven? How can these made-up terms or words communicate true knowledge? In conclusion, I believe that vocabulary is a crucial part of acquiring and communicating knowledge and to a certain extent it does â€Å"shape† what we can know. However, vocabulary is not the only way to acquire or communicate knowledge as shown from the examples above. (1794 words) [ 1 ]. http://www. ted. com/talks/chris_jordan_pictures_some_shocking_stats. html [ 2 ]. http://www. ted. com/speakers/chris_jordan. html [ 3 ]. (http://east. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/electric%20field)

Contrasting Egyptian and Mesop essays

Contrasting Egyptian and Mesop essays Although some similarities exist, the way the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians viewed and worshipped their gods were quite different and impacted their daily lives in varying ways. In order to compare the two cultures in a religious sense, the way they lived and dealt with their surroundings must be examined. Life for the ancient Mesopotamians was precarious and day-to-day. The openness of the river valley lead to vulnerability from both raiding tribesmen and the elements. The climate was very harsh, with unpredictable flooding in the spring and at harvest time. There was also rapid evaporation, leading to the need for a reliable irrigation system. There were little natural resources for building purposes (stone and timber), leading to the need for both the establishment of trade routes and alternate building methods. The lifespan of the cities themselves was quite often unpredictable, usually coinciding with the water supply on which it so depended. The cities of Ur, Ashur and Akkad are examples of cities that disappeared without a trace. The Egyptian delta was considered the most abundant oasis in the region in terms of natural resources. Bounded on the eas t and west by desert and on the north the Mediterranean Sea, the region was much more easily defendable than the Mesopotamian river valley. The availability of sandstone and limestone gave plentiful building materials. Papyrus was also readily available for the building of boats, construction of matting and for writing material. The flooding and even the drought seasons fell during the same time frame each year, allowing for planting and harvesting to occur according to a corresponding schedule. The broad, fertile valley leads to easy irrigation and waster conservation. To the Sumerians as seen above, the world would have appeared a harsh and dangerous place. They viewed themselves as the servants of the gods they worshipped, whom could exact their wrath at any time upon ...

Conceptual Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conceptual Framework - Essay Example The disruptive innovation theory describes the process by which a product or service takes root initially in the market, in the form of uncomplicated applications, and then moves up the market in a relentless manner. The new product disrupts the entire market and existing value network and as well displaces the earlier technology and competitors. A disruptive innovation allows the whole population access to a whole new product that was initially historically accessible to a specific set of consumer with a lot of money. Business or companies can also be disruptive, and when in this nature the expected characteristics would be that, at least in the initial stages, of smaller target markets, lower gross margin, and products or services that may appear simple and unattractive solutions when compared to the traditional performance metrics (Fannin, 2012). Usually companies tend to innovate faster even than the rate at which their customers’ lives change. In such instances, an organization would end up eventually producing the products and services that are too expensive, good, and inconvenient for most of the customers. Pursuit of sustainable innovation has perpetuated what has helped companies historically to be established in new market such as India and succeed in their production endeavors. Ideally, companies have unwittingly, in most occasions, opened their doors to disruptive innovations and not sustaining innovation which in itself does not lead to the creation of new markets or value networks but, evolve the existing ones with better value. Generally, according to this theory, companies that are well managed and quick to respond to their clientele and have exceptional research and improvement can be impaired by disruptive innovation (Evans, 2002). The relation of this theory to my study is based on the apprehension of the actuality that, in India, new companies have sprang up in the recent past that have introduced new products in

LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES - Coursework Example During the process new leaders are made for the future through proper training and experience. Any organization that is in its finest today whether it be, Apple co, Microsoft, Zara was the result of one or more individuals in their early thirties who possessed leadership qualities. While it is true that for a company to be created and be successful it needs to have something to sell, at the same time they need a great leader. A fine example is the late Steve Jobs who did not create any of the Apple computers but steered them into the right direction with his social intelligence and his eye for design. Change management however, is needed in any and every company that wants success in the long run. It simply might be needed because the customers are bored of the monotonous product that they’re being offered or a more complex reason might be because intrapreneurship is needed in the organization because the previous management system wasn’t effective enough. Sometimes the change might be needed because the competitors have caught up and you no longer hold a competitive advantage. Having discussed leadership and change management, it is true that an organization cannot survive without either one of them. Any organization that comes into being is very informal in the beginning, starting off with very few employees, mostly friends who share the same ideas and visions, working in a small office consisting of a mere two or three rooms. Some of these organizations even start off from the garage of a home. The environment of these organizations is very informal which works in the beginning as they only need enough revenue above breakeven to invest further into the workings of the company. When this organization has matured and has enough employees to push out of a city or district it needs to change from an informal management to a more formal one. This is achieved by hiring leaders or identifying leaders among

Growth Of The Medical Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

Growth Of The Medical Tourism Industry Tourism Essay CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In the previous chapter a brief introduction to the meaning of medical tourism and the medical tourism industry has been given to develop a basic understanding of the subject for this dissertation. This chapter deals with the review of the literature for developing a conceptual and theoretical background for further research and identifying the research areas required. Literature review is an essential part of any research as it not only helps the researcher understand the research areas required, but also develops a conceptual background of the study for the reader. In survey and experimental research, the review of literature serves as a variety of background functions, which helps in the preparation of the collection of the actual data (SINGH, 2007, pp-61). The literature review in this dissertation has been designed in a systematic and a conclusive way for the reader to understand the subject clearly. The literature review has been divided into three main parts which are:- (Part A) Introduction:-This part deals with the literature required for understanding the concept of medical tourism as an industry and the medical tourism industry in India. (Part B) Medical Tourism in India: Strategic Implications and Growth:-This part consists of literature required to study the strategic implications and factors influencing growth of the medical tourism industry in India. This part is related to the second and third objective of this dissertation and also helps in developing a research area required for the fourth and fifth objective. (Part C) Conclusion:-After understanding the concept of the strategic implications and growth of the medical tourism industry the main conceptual framework can now be made and the main research areas can now be identified. The reason for this literature review is not just to review the related literature but to identify the concepts that will be used in the research. The importance of a literature review cannot be matched by an understanding as to how a review of literature can be done but how it can be used in the research (HART, 1998, pp-1).This chapter will help in finding the questions that needs to be answered in the research. PART A Medical Tourism: Background (A.1)Defining Medical Tourism Since ancient times, travellers have left their homeland in search of the best health care possible. Historical records show that early civilizations, such as the Romans (about 4 to 400 BC) were drawn toward the healing properties of bath or spring waters (KHAN, 2010).Although Medical tourism seems to be an entirely new concept which is now being acknowledged as an industry itself it has existed from the 18th century. Some of the earliest forms of tourism were directly aimed at increased health and well being for example, the numerous spas that remain in many parts of Europe and elsewhere, which in some cases represented the effective start of local tourism, when taking the waters became common by the 18th century (CONNEL, 2005).By the 19th century spas were found in the most remote colonies such as the French Pacific Territory of New Caledonia while the emergence of hill stations throughout the tropics further emphasized curative properties of tourism (SMYTH,2005 cited in WOODSIDE,2 007).History proves that medical tourism has existed for a long time. According to John Connell (Cited in WOODMAN,2007) recently travellers have travelled in search of yoga and meditation as the search for cure took on more spiritual and holistic perspectives. Today people not only travel long distances for spas and relaxation but for complicated medical procedures in search for affordable and quality medical care. Globalisation, it is said, lifts nations out of their isolated existence and makes them part of one knowledge society. Today, outsourcing of activities like labora ­tory investigations, medical transcriptions, software de ­velopment, and telemedicine to countries like India, China, Korea, Japan, has become easier with business process outsourcing(QUADEER and REDDY,2010) . The globalization of healthcare services has given rise to a new phenomenon called Medical Tourism. It is also called Healthcare Globalization, Health Vacation, Wellness Tourism, Medical Outsourcing, or Generation Next Health Holidays. The term Medical Tourism can be defined as travel outside ones home country in search of healthcare that is either less expensive or more accessible (KHAN, 2010).Carrera and Bridges (Cited in LUNT and CARERRA, 2010) identify health tourism as the organised travel outside ones local environment for the maintenance, enhancement or restoration of an individuals well-being in mind and body. Definitions and the seeking to know meaning of terms and words can put things right elementarily between people and their words (JACKSON, JACKSON and HARMON, 197, pp-235). Although there are many definitions of the term Medical Tourism the definition must serve the general purpose of understanding the meaning of the term Medical tourism. The term Medical tourism can be divided into two words Medical and Tourism as shown in the figure below (JAGYASI, 2008). MEDICAL TOURISM MEDICAL TOURISM The word Medical means treatment of illness, disorder or injuries. The activities of persons travelling to and stay in a place outside their usual environment for leisure, business and other purposes. + Figure 1: Defining Medical Tourism Source: JAGYASI, P.2008.Defining Medical Tourism ~ another approach. Medical Tourism Magazine .July 15 th According to Dr Prem Jagyasi (JAGYASI, 2008) understanding of the words medical and tourism individually will not be sufficient to define the term Medical Tourism. Considering the definitions of the words, medical tourism can be defined as a set of activities in which a person travels often long distance or across the border, to avail medical services with direct or indirect engagement in leisure, business or other purposes. Today medical tourism has become a huge industry itself.According to a report by Mckinsey and company and the confideration of Indian industry(2005) the medical tourism industry is expected to become a hundered million dollar industry by the year 2012.The figure below represents the projected growth in the earning in revenues of the worldwide medical tourism industry. Figure 2 Some of the internationally know hospitals for medical tourism such as Bumrungrad in Thailand and Apollo in India, report revenue growth of about 20 percent to 25 percent annually (ROTH, 2006). McKinsey Company (2005) estimates that Indian medical tourism will grow to $2.3 billion by 2012.In 2005 approximately 250,000 medical tourists sought care in Singapore, and 500,000 travelled to India for medical care(HUTCHINSON,2005).According to these reports the medical tourism industry is expected to grow at a large scale. A commonality in all these reports concludes that the three main destinations where growth of this industry is expected to be the highest are India, Thailand and Singapore which are countries in Asia. Therefore before the medical tourism industry in India can be seen it is important to identify the key factors influencing growth of the medical tourism industry in Asia and the different destinations gaining popularity in this industry who will eventually are the competito rs. (A.2) Medical Tourism in Asia Table 1: Popular medical tourism destinations around the world. Source:-NATAN, M and SEFER, E.2009.Medical Tourism: A New role of Nursing? .OJIN: The online journal of Issues in Nursing. July 22 .Vol 14 There are many countries that are now competing in the medical tourism industry all around the world. The table given below indicates the major destinations for medical tourism in the world. As it can be seen Asia has a lot of countries that have established themselves as medical tourism destinations. According to an update in a report given by Deloitte (2008) the number of medical tourists visiting Asia will grow at a rate of 20% annually and will create an industry worth US$4 billion by the year 2012.India is estimated to account for half of the medical tourism industry, countries like Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand are already promoting their medical tourism industries. Asia The Americas Europe Africa Oceania China Argentina Belgium South Africa Australia India Bolivia Germany Israel Jordan Brazil Columbia Hungary Lithuania Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Cost Rica Jamaica Mexico United States Poland Asian Governments are now supporting medical tourism through organizing awards and promotional events such as Asian Spa and Wellness tourism in 2006 and the establishment of dedication promotional boards (HENDERSON,2004 cited in COCHRANE,2008) The four main countries identified as medical tourism destinations in Asia are Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and India. In 2002 Thailand became home to the Asias first JCI-Accredited hospital which was Bumrungrand in Bangkok and presently has six other hospitals which have been given this accreditation (WOODMAN, 2009). In Thailand according to the Kasikorn Research Centre, about 1.28 million foreigners visited hospitals in 2005 generating revenues of about thirty three million Thai baht (DELOITTE, 2008).Another important destination for medical tourism is India a country that has pioneered the outsourcing industry is now quickly gaining popularity as a medical tourism destination. Before the medical tourism industry in India can be looked at it is important to understand the factors that promote Asia itself as a caterer to the medical tourism industry. As seen below a SWOT analysis on the medical tourism industry is given which analysis the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Asia itself. Organizations use the SWOT analysis as the first step in developing their marketing plan as it is relatively an easy process and helps in describing the major considerations to be taken in designing an appropriate strategy(BRIGGS,2001,p-47). This SWOT analysis plays a significant part of this research as it outlines the significant strategic implications of the Medical tourism in Asia. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICAL TOURISM INDUSTRY IN ASIA STRENGTHS à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  More mature medical tourism markets, facilities, and practices. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Government sponsored tax breaks and open environment for foreign private investments in healthcare infrastructure. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚   A relative surplus in the labour pool due to large populations and strong emphasis in education in some countries. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  A history of using complementary and alternative e.g., yoga, Ayurveda, herbs, TCM/TKM. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚   In close proximity to Middle Eastern medical tourists. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Asia also has a booming tourism market with many scenic locations and various types of geography (beaches to mountains) to choose from. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Asians are known for their culture of hospitality and service. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Services and procedures such as: wellness/CAM, eye-care, musculoskeletal care, cardiac care, transplants, haemodialysis, and general/plastic surgery. Source:-VEQUIST, VALDEZ and MORRISON, 2009 WEAKNESSES à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  The length of travel for many European and North American tourists. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Some fears of travelling to Asia because of a reputation of social unrest, corruption and violence. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  The lack of European and North American language (e.g., English, German, French, etc.) ability. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  The culture in Asia is arguably very different from occidental cultures. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Difficulty in seeking legal remedy in the event of malpractice. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Large disparity in the healthcare systems for the poor and rich/medical tourists. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Several Asian countries are trying to serve too wide a swath of the market to maintain a sustainable industry. Source:-VEQUIST, VALDEZ and MORRISON, 2009 As it can be seen above the strengths and weaknesses of the medical tourism industry in Asia have been identified. These factors play an important role in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the medical tourism industry in India as the Indian medical tourism industry is a part of the Asian medical tourism industry. These factors also develop a contrast between the positive and negative features of the medical tourism industry in Asia. As it can be seen above Asia also has a booming tourism market and is known for hospitality and service. The health care facilities in Asia are well developed. Asia also has a history of using complementary and alternative medicines which will support in developing wellness tourism .Although there are many positives of this industry in Asia, it also has some negatives such as a weak legal system in the case of malpractice. People also have the fear of the unknown as there is a change in the social climate. These factors relate to the Indian medi cal tourism industry in many ways but some of them may not apply such as the language barrier as India has a large English speaking population and the legal system which is developing rapidly. After a comparative study of the strengths and weaknesses of the Asian medical tourism industry a comparison of the opportunities and threats is discussed in the SWOT analysis. The next two factors of the SWOT analysis are the opportunities and threats which draw a comparative study on the external capabilities of the Asian medical tourism industry. Source:-VEQUIST, VALDEZ and MORRISON, 2009 OPPORTUNITIES à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Large populations in the region offer many advantages (e.g., more regional medical tourism, lower cost of labour, more healthcare professionals, etc.). à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚   Increasing strength and diversity of Asian economies and many fast-growing areas. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚   Many strong governmental initiatives supporting medical tourism. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Shrinking cost of fuel (i.e. gas prices) which makes airfare lower and encourages medical tourism. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  The wealth in the Middle Eastern could lead to more tourists travelling to the Asian region. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  The Asian expertise in off-shoring of various industries to add to their chances to capitalize on this market. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  The emphasis on education and healthcare in many countries in Asia. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚   Strong private investments will build the infrastructure of the region. THREATS à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚   Disease (particularly pandemics), social unrest, terrorism, overcrowding, dirty environments in some areas of Asia are perceived negatively and hurt marketing efforts. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Competition from Latin America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East for North American, European, and Middle Eastern medical tourists. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Due to the economy, many consumers simply do not have large enough cash reserve to pay for services or airfare. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Limited numbers of insurance carriers that have comprehensive relationships with medical providers in Asia. à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚  Fast growth of medical tourism in other regions and countries outside of Asia. Source:-VEQUIST, VALDEZ and MORRISON, 2009 As seen above the opportunities of the Asian medical tourism industry is huge and a major advantage is the increasing strength of the economies which fuels the development of stronger governments and health care infrastructure. Asia also expertises in off-shoring servicing as seen in the case of India which is also considered the off-shoring capital of the world. Although there are many opportunities there are threats to the Asian medical tourism industry as there is an increasing competition from Latin America and certain countries in Europe. Asia is also perceived as a continent of social unrest, terrorism and unhealthy environment which impacts negatively on the marketing strategy. In the above SWOT analysis the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Asian medical tourism industry can be highlighted. These factors explore the internal and external capabilities of Asia itself in this industry which brings out a contrast between the positive and negative features of this industry in Asia. These factors adversely affect the medical tourism industry in India. (A.3) Medical Tourism in India. The Indian governments commitment to providing compre ­hensive healthcare to the citizens, irrespective of their paying capacity, as part of its welfare policies was given up after 30 years of independence when the Sixth Plan opened up medical care to the voluntary and private sectors (QUADEER and REDDY, 2010).The involvement of the private sectors in the health care industry in India helped in the emergence of a corporate health sector in the 1990s.After opening up to the corporate sector in healthcare policies the government emphasised on healthcare to the poor and their involvement in it which was seen in the eighth and ninth year plans given by the government of India in 1992 and 1997 respectively. The acceptance of the new economic policy, of the health sector reforms by 1992 increased cutbacks in public sector investments in health as well as the commoditisation of health services (RAMA and NUNDY, 2008).The cutback in public sector investments led to the breakdown of the publ ic healthcare institutions with more collaboration from the private healthcare sector. When the healthcare services became dominated by the private sector, a new phenomenon of healthcare services becoming a form of market expansion and financial gains rather that welfare could be observed. This gave rise to the medical tourism industry in India. The government policy of merging medical expenditure and tourism was announced by Finance Minister Jaswant Singh in his 2003 annual budget speech when he described India as a global health desti ­nation. He identified the potential of complex health care services that are offered at relatively cheaper rates and yet earned profits. In this report he also mentioned the possibilities in investing in large chains of medical institutions and creating medi-cities. After this report heavy investment in improving medical institutions continued and today India has become of the fastest growing medical tourism destinations. This country is usually viewed as one of the most important global leader in the medical tourism industry, and it advertises itself as offering everything from alternative ayurvedic therapy to coronary bypasses and cosmetic surgery (CONNELL, 2006).Some hospital executives in India use the phrase value medical travel to promote India as a high-quality, low-cost destination for international health care travellers (TURNER, 2007).The medical tourism industry has grown at a large scale with companies like WellPoint Blue Cross Blue Shield to handle their pilot program of offering medical tourism for Americans travelling to India (KHAN,2010).India has made its mark in the medical tourism industry in the world by providing world class medical care at cheap and affordable prices. In a nutshell it has been predicted that the Indian medical tourism industry will rise rapidly and will continue to grow at a fast pace. There are many growth drivers involved in the evolution of this industry in India; some of them include cost factors, government policies and quality health care. After a brief understanding of the emergence of the medical tourism industry in India it is important to understand the factors involved in the growth process. The next part deals with an in-depth review of literature on the growth drivers and strategic implications of the medical tourism industry in India. PART B Medical Tourism in India: Growth and Strategic implications (B.1)Medical tourism in India: Growth Professor Michael Porter from the Harvard University is one of the well know strategic writers and describes the industry lifecycle model as the grandfather of concepts for predicting the industry evolution (LYNCH, 1997).According to this model an industry goes through four major stages which are introduction ,growth, maturity and decline. The figure shown below is the diagrammatic representation of the industry lifecycle with the four steps. Figure 2: Industry Lifecycle Stages Source:-LYNCH, 1997, p 126 This concept helps in describing any industry as it goes through the stages as a result the strategy of the industry changes as the stage changes. It also can help in formulating the correct strategy required at a particular stage in the industry lifecycle in an entrepreneur perspective. This concept is very well relevant to the medical tourism industry as it helps in identifying the stage that the industry is in. Identifying these key aspects at an early stage will lead to formulating the right strategy for the success of a business entering this industry. It is important for companies to understand the use of the industry lifecycle for businesses to compete in the industry effectively and successfully (BAUM and MCGAHAN, 2004). In 2007, an estimated 750,000 Americans travelled abroad for medical care and an estimated growth to a staggering six million was expected by the end of 2010(BALIGA, 2006).According to a study carried out by Deloitte in 2008 there will be a large amount of significant growth in the medical tourism industry. In this study the numbers of medical tourist from the United States of America going to foreign countries for treatments will increase. This report also indicates that the medical tourism industry may reach the maturity by 2016 where the growth will start decreasing. This report basically proves that this industry is growing and can therefore be place in the growth sector of the industry lifecycle. The growth sector of the industry lifecycle represents that the market is expanding and customers have become more informed about the products. In this stage there will be more competitors that will enter the industry market (CARPENTER and SANDERS, 2009).The figure given below is the es timated growth given in the Deloitte report (2008) of the medical tourists going to foreign countries for medical treatment. Figure 3: Annual growth and patient volume growth in major countries in the medical tourism industry Source: Deloitte report (2008) GROWTH INTRODUCTION TIME Figure 4: Predicted Growth of the medical tourism industry in India The figure represents a huge rise in the patient volume growth in major countries over the next few years which indicated the amount of growth and demand in the medical tourism industry. These statistics affect the medical tourism industry in India in terms of growth planning and understanding that growth potential of this industry in India. After witnessing the immense growth of the medical tourism industry in the world, India felt the need for this industry and entered into this market in late 2002. Indias efforts to promote medical tourism took off in late 2002, when the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) produced a report in collaboration with McKinsey Company which outlined the immense growth potential of this sector in India (KURIACHAN and BASANTH, 2008).In this report they made future predictions of this industry in India considering the economic and political factors. There were many strategic points hig hlighted in this report which concluded that the forecasted growth of the medical tourism industry in India will be from US $ 18.7 billion in 2001 to around US $ 45 billion by 2012 which is equivalent to 8.5% of GDP. The figure below represents the predicted growth according to the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and McKinsey Company. Year US $Billion [Type a quote from the document or the summary of an interesting point. You can position the text box anywhere in the document. Use the Text Box Tools tab to change the formatting of the pull quote text box.] Source: Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and McKinsey Company (cited in KURIACHAN and BASANTH, 2008) As it can be seen above the medical tourism industry in India is expected to grow to a 45 billion dollar industry by the year 2012 which is a 26.3% rise from the year 2001. The worldwide market for medical tourism is estimated in 2004 was estimated to be US $ 40 billion with India market share 1%.In 2012 the world medical tourism industry will be US $ 100 billion with India market share being 3% (KURIACHAN and BASANTH, 2008).These figures represent that the Indian medical tourism industry will grow at a fast pace .At a strategic level it is important to understand the factors which will affect the growth of this industry in India. (B.3Factors influencing growth of medical tourism industry in India The previous section showed the predicted growth of the medical tourism industry in India and the SWOT analysis of Asia that affect this industry in India. To analyze the medical tourism industry in India on a strategic level the competitive advantage of India must be analyzed. In reference to this context of global competition was given by Michael Porter in his book The competitive advantage of nations. He conducted a study of ten nations to develop an analytical framework at a strategic level, which tries to explain why a nation succeeds in particular industries but not in others (PORTER.1990).Porter suggests that the national home base of an organisation plays a very important role in creating an advantage on an international scale (JOHNSON, SCHOLES and WHITTINGTON, 2005).The study on this model can clearly help in distinguishing the factors that may influence the growth of the medical tourism industry in India. The model basically describes the four main attributes that individua lly and as a system constitute the diamond of national advantage .These attributes are:- Factor Conditions:-The nations position in factors of production, such as skilled labour or infrastructure necessary to compete in a given industry. Demand Conditions:-The nature of home market demand for the industrys product or service. Related and Supporting Industries:-The presence or absence in the nation of supplier industries and other related industries that are internationally competitive. Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry:-The conditions in the nation governing how companies are created organized and managed as well as the nature of domestic rivalry. Source:-PORTER, 2008 Chance and the government are two factors that influence these four determinants, but are not determinants themselves (OZ, 2002). FIRM STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND RIVALRY RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES DEMAND CONDITIONS FACTOR CONDITIONS CHANCE GOVERNMENT Figure 4: Michael Porters Diamond Framework: Competitive Advantage of Nations Source: PORTER (1998, p. 127) (B.4)Strategic implications Figure 4: Strategic implications of the Medical tourism Industry As described by LYNCH (1997) there are many strategic implications for the industry lifecycle .These can be modified in terms of the medical tourism industry as shown in the following figure. These Strategic implications will also help in the clear understanding of the drivers responsible for the growth of this industry. MEDICAL TOURISM INDUSTRY Customer strategy Research and Development strategy Company Strategy Competitor strategy Source:-Modified from LYNCH (1997, p 127) The first strategic implication is customer strategy which is one of most important implications as it tends to understand the customer strategy for selecting the product and the factors which are involved in it. This is also a significant factor that a business in this industry should try and evaluate on a continuous basis to complete efficiently and effectively with the growth of the medical tourism industry in the industry life cycle. By understanding customer strategy a clear view on the factors affecting the growth of the medical tourism industry can be identified. Joseph Woodman (2008) in this book Patient beyond Borders: Everybodys Guide to Affordable, World-class Medical Travel gives a guide to consumers interested in going abroad for medical treatments. In this book a step by step guide is also given and the factors influencing consumers to choose medical tourism have also been identified. According to this book there may be many reasons why medical tourists travel to attain medical care but there are seven main reasons as shown in the figure below. It is important to explore the customer strategy as it tends to understand why medical tourists choose certain particular locations as their medical tourism destination. The figure given below represents the customer strategy and the main factors influencing it. Figure 5: Customer strategy for the Medical Tourism Industry Cost saving Better quality care Customer Strategy Shorter waiting periods Other Treatments Inpatient friendly Excluded treatments Speciality treatments Source:-WOODMAN (2008, pp 51-63) Cost Saving As health care costs in developed countries like the United States of America and United Kingdom escalate individuals, small businesses, and state governments are all attempting to control health-related expenditures. Outsourcing health care to countries where surgical procedures and other forms of treatment are available at substantially lower prices is attracting interest from individuals and businesses (TURNER, 2007). With the continuing health care cost increases in developed countries, it is likely that patients, insurers and employers, particularly in countries where employers share the costs of private health insurance, will continue seeking low cost treatment abroad (FORGIONE and SMITH, 2007). There many ways in which service costs are kept low for example most provider countries, malpractice litigation costs are much lower than in most highly developed countries, which has helped to reduce the cost of medical care(HADI,2009,p.11). Table 1: Major Medical Tourism Destinations: Cost Comparison Medical procedures USA India Thailand Singapore Costa Rica Mexico Korea Heart Bypass $80,000 To $130,000 $6,651 to $9,300 $11,000 $16,500 $24,000 $22,000 $34,150 Heart Valve Replacement $160,000 $9,000 to $9,000 $10,000 $12,500 $15,000 $18,000 $29,500 Angioplasty $57,000 $4,998 to 7,500 $13,000 $11,200 $9,000 $18,000 $19,600 Hip Replacement $43,000 $5,800 to 7,100 $12,000 $9,200 $12,000 $14,000 $11,400 Hysterectomy $20,000